SAXE, Charles Jewett (1870-1943)
(biography in preparation)
C.J. SAXE (works in Montreal unless noted)
(with R. M. Rodden) BISLEY, QUE., Dominion Rifle Association Headquarters, a commission won in a competition, 1897 (C.R., vii, 7 Jan. 1897, 2; Gazette [Montreal], 9 Jan. 1897, 2, descrip.; Evening Journal [Ottawa], 11 March 1897, 1, illus. & descrip., but lacking attribution)
ST. ANDREW'S, N.B., 'Pansy Patch', a country house for Hayter Reed, Carleton Street at Adolphus Street, c. 1913-14 (Architecture [New York], vol. 50, Sept. 1924, illustrated plates Cxxix to Cxxxi; Const., xviii, Jan. 1925, 2-8, illus. & descrip.; C.H.G., iii, Dec. 1926, 31, illus.; iv, May 1927, 29-32, illus.; J. Leroux & T. Holownia, St. Andrews Architecture 1604-1966, 2010, Item 107, illus.)
BEACONSFIELD, QUE., Club House for Beaconsfield Golf Club, 1920 (C.R., xxxiv, 31 March 1920, 60)
OTTAWA, ONT., residence for Frederick H. Booth Jr., Goulburn Avenue, 1922 (C.R., xxxvi, 27 Sept. 1922, 52-4; C.H.G., iii, Jan. 1926, 33-5, illus.; Andrew Waldron, Exploring the Capital: An Architectural Guide to the Ottawa-Gatineau Region, 2017, 84-5, illus. & descrip.)
(with J. Melville Miller) DIXIE, QUE., Club House for the Royal Montreal Golf Club, 1922 (C.R., xxxvii, 9 May 1923, 425-31, illus. & descrip.; R.A.I.C. Journal, iv, Feb. 1927, 72, illus.; Montreal, Les Edifices Publics, 1981, 262-5, illus.; dwgs. in Canadian Architecture Coll., McGill Univ.)
(with Ernest Cormier and Louis Amos) COURT HOUSE ANNEX, Notre Dame Street East at St. Vincent Street, designed 1920; built 1922-25 (Montreal Daily Star, 26 Aug. 1920, 15; Const., xx, Oct. 1927, 312-18, 321-8, illus. & descrip.; Montreal, Les Edifices Publics, 1981, 180-3, illus.)
(with Fetherstonhaugh & McDougall) MONTREAL, QUE., McGill University, major alterations to the Arts Building & Moyse Hall, 1926 (Montreal Daily Star, 16 Jan. 1926, 5, illus. & descrip.)
ST ANDREW'S, N.B., 'Dayspring ', a mansion for Lewis E. Smoot, Champlain Road near Acadia Road, 1927-28, still standing in 2024 (Telegraph-Journal [Saint John], 28 May 1928, Tourist Supplement, Section 6, page 5, illus. and detailed architectural descrip.; Parks Canada, Canada's Historic Places, designation statement 3 July 2007)
ST ANDREW'S, N.B., residence for Maj. F.C. Shorey, c. 1929 (C.H.G., vii, Sept. 1930, 37, illus.)
ST. AGATHE, QUE., residence for Col. E.G.M. Cape, c. 1929 (C.H.G., vii, Aug. 1930, 36-9, illus.)
SAXE & ARCHIBALD (Residential works in Montreal unless noted)
WESTMOUNT, 'Cloverly', for Horace A. Hutchins, Rosemount Avenue, 1898 (C.R., ix, 3 Feb. 1898, 3; Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.; City of Westmount, Westmount: A Heritage to Preserve, 1991, 15, illus.)
WESTMOUNT, for Thomas A. Lynch, Grosvenor Avenue, 1898 (C.R., ix, 23 March 1898, 5; Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.; City of Westmount, Westmount: A Heritage to Preserve, 1991, 45, illus.)
WESTMOUNT, for Charles Manhire, Grosvenor Avenue, 1898 (C.R., ix, 29 June 1898, 4; Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.; Montreal, Les Residences, 1987, 449, illus.)
WESTMOUNT, two houses for R.C. Henderson, Grosvenor Avenue, 1898 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15)
WESTMOUNT, row of six houses for Michael S. Foley, Greene Avenue, 1898 (C.R., ix, 29 June 1898, 4; Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.)
COLUMBIA AVENUE, residence for A. Davidson, 1898 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.)
CRESCENT STREET, a 3 storey house for Mrs. E.F. Smith, 1898 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.)
PINE AVENUE, a 3 storey house for A. Hodgson, 1898 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.)
DORCHESTER STREET, near St. Mark Street, a 2 storey house for Rev. J. Willliamson, to be occupied as a class room in connection with Abingdon School, 1898 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.)
BELLEVUE APARTMENTS, Ste. Catherine Street West at Metcalfe Street, facing Windsor Square, a 7 storey apartment block with eight retail stores, for Michael S. Foley, 1899-1900; demol. 1929 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.; and 23 Feb. 19, 12, descrip.; and 22 July 1899, 7, illus. & detailed descrip.; Gazette [Montreal], 30 March 1899, 8, descrip.; and 10 Jan. 1900, 5, descrip.; and 24 March 1900, 3, descrip.; C.A.B., xv, Jan. 1902, 4)
LONGUEUIL, for Robert Elliot, Dufferin Street, 1899 (C.R., x, 31 May 1899, 4)
AYLMER STREET, row of three houses for Richard W. Egan, 1899 (C.R., x, 29 Nov. 1899, 4)
CRESCENT STREET, near Sherbrooke Street West, for R.W. Garth, 1900 (C.R., xi, 20 June 1900, 3)
VERDUN, for S.S. Bain, 1900 (E. McMann, Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Spring Exhibitions 1880-1970, 1988, 340-1)
WESTMOUNT, for Minnie L. Davis, Cote St. Antoine Road, 1902; addition 1913 (Const., x, May 1917, 166; illus. & descrip.; Montreal Daily Star, 22 Jan. 1921, 21, descrip. in real estate advert.; Montreal, Les Residences, 1987, 176-77, illus.)
WESTMOUNT, for J.C. Hodgson, Roslyn Avenue, 1902 (C.R., xiii, 10 Sept. 1902, 6)
WESTMOUNT, 'Illahee', for James T. Shearer, Westmount Avenue, 'on the summit of the Little Mountain, west of Cote des Neiges Road', 1903 (C.R., xiv, 18 Feb. 1903, 3)
SYDNEY, N.S., for Joseph A. Gillies, 1903 (C.R., xiv, 11 March 1903, 4)
WESTMOUNT, for R.M. Ballantyne, Forden Avenue, 1903 (C.R., xiv, 5 Aug. 1903, 8)
CARLETON APARTMENTS, Sherbrooke Street West near Hutchison Street, addition of two floors, 1903 (Le Prix Courant, xxxvi, 14 Aug. 1903, 49)
BISHOP'S COURT APARTMENTS, Bishop Street, 1905 (Montreal Daily Star, 7 Jan. 1905, 20, illus. & descrip.; C.A.B., xviii, June 1905, 85, descrip. & plate illus.; Const., iii, July 1910, 40, illus. in advert.; Montreal, Les Appartements, 1991, 66-9, illus.; H. Kalman, History of Canadian Architecture, 1994, 638-40, illus. & descrip.)
HUTCHISON STREET, near Prince Arthur Street, small apartment house for John G.G. Kerry, 1905 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 15, 1905, 58)
CRESCENT STREET, for Mrs. G.E. Robertson, 1905 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 16, 1905, 52)
COTE DES NEIGES ROAD, near Cedar Avenue, pair of houses for W. George Slack, 1905 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 32, 1905, 60)
PINE AVENUE WEST, near Cote des Neiges Road, for W.H. Biggar, 1906 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 13, 1906, 44)
OUTREMONT, for J.C. Walsh, Cote Ste. Catherine Road, 1906; demol. (Outremont b.p. 55, 30 May 1906)
CAVENDISH APARTMENTS, Sherbrooke Street West near Durocher Street, 1906 (Montreal Daily Star, 5 July 1906, 3, descrip.; C.A.B., xix, July 1906, 108)
OUTREMONT, for William St. Pierre, Ste. Catherine Road near Wiseman Avenue, 1907 (Montreal, Les Residences, 1987, 619-21, illus.)
OUTREMONT, for Robert Pitt, Ainslie Avenue, 1907 (Outremont b.p. 88, 17 April 1907)
LACOLLE, QUE., for James R. Wilson, c. 1907 (E. McMann, Royal Canadian Academy Exhibitions and Members 1880-1979, 364)
McGREGOR AVENUE, at Cote des Neiges Road, for Mr. Shirley Ogilvie, 1907; demol. (Montreal Daily Star, 21 May 1907, 12; Le Prix Courant, Week No. 21, 1907, 38; Const., ii, Sept. 1909, 55-7, illus. &descrip.)
COTE DES NEIGES ROAD, near Pine Avenue West, for Alex Woods, 1908 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 28, 1908, 46)
SHERBROOKE STREET WEST, near Atwater Avenue, pair of houses for Rev. John Williamson, 1908 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 30, 1908, 42)
MILTON AVENUE, near University Street, for Arthur K. Fisk, 1908 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 35, 1908, 40; Montreal, Les Residences, 1987, 235, illus.)
SYDNEY, N.S., residence for James H. Plummer, 1908 (E. McMann, Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Spring Exhibitions 1880-1970, 1988, 340-41)
WESTMOUNT, for Alex Falconer, Forden Avenue, 1908 (C.R., xxii, 3 June 1908, 28)
WESTMOUNT, for Arthur Tooke, Forden Avenue, 1909 (C.R., xxiii, 5 May 1909, 20)
WESTMOUNT, for Senator David Morrice, Redpath Crescent, 1909 (C.R., xxiii, 5 May 1909, 20)
WESTMOUNT, for H. Mortimer Lamb, Westmount Avenue, 1909 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 27, 1909, 76; Const., viii, June 1915, 267-9, illus. & descrip.)
WESTMOUNT, for F.C. Wilson, Belvedere Road, 1909 (C.R., xxiii, 18 Aug. 1909, 21)
TRAFALGAR AVENUE, near Cote des Neiges Road, for H.L. Putnam, 1909 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 15, 1909, 40)
GUY STREET, for Archibald M. Russel, 1909 (C.R., xxii, 20 Oct. 1909, 21)
ONTARIO AVENUE, for Senator Joseph M. Wilson, 1910 (C.R., xxiv, 25 May 1910, 28; Montreal, Les Residences, 1987, 760-3, illus.; F. Remillard & B. Merrett, Mansions of the Golden Square Mile Montreal 1850-1930, 1986, 192-5, illus.)
WESTMOUNT, for J. Alex Cameron, Clarke Avenue near Westmount Boulevard, 1910 (C.R., xxiv, 27 April 1910, 29, t.c.)
CEDAR AVENUE, for Archibald D. MacFarlane, 1910 (C.R., xxiv, 20 July 1910, 27; Const., viii, June 1915, 265, 267-8, illus. & descrip.)
WESTMOUNT, for S.W. Stevenson, Forden Avenue, 1911 (C.R., xxv, 8 Feb. 1911, 29)
WESTMOUNT, for J.B. Hathaway, Aberdeen Avenue, 1911 (C.R., xxv, 8 Feb. 1911, 29)
STE. ANNE DE BELLEVUE, QUE., for C.B. Gordon, 1911 (C.R., xxv, 8 Feb. 1911, 29)
WINNIPEG, MAN., for G. Howard Aikins, Langside Street near Westminster Avenue, 1911 (C.R., xxv, 5 April 1911, 57)
COTE DES NEIGES ROAD, near Trafalgar Avenue, for R.E. Thorne, 1911 (C.R., xxv, 26 April 1911, 54; Const., viii, June 1915, 266, 268, illus. & descrip.)
REDPATH STREET, near Pine Avenue West, for Charles Fergie, 1911 (Le Prix Courant, xliv, 29 April 1911, 41)
WESTMOUNT, for Richard Egan, Metcalfe Avenue, 1911 (C.R., xxv, 31 May 1911, 60)
WESTMOUNT, for A.A. Ayer, Cote St. Antoine Road, 1911 (C.R., xxv, 19 July 1911, 61)
STE. AGATHE DES MONTS, QUE., country house for Edwin Hanson, 1911-12 (Concordia University Archives, Fonds H.P. Illsley, Ledger Book)
PINE AVENUE WEST, at Ontario Street, a mansion for Clarence I. De Sola, 1911-12 (C.R., xxv, 18 Oct. 1911, 57; C.H.G., ii, Dec. 1925, 21-4, illus.; Gazette [Montreal], 29 May 1935, 4, illus. & descrip. in advert.; Montreal, Les Residences, 1987, 662-5, illus.; F. Remillard & B. Merrett, Mansions of the Golden Square Mile Montreal 1850-1930, 1986, 212-15, illus.; inf. Scott Edwards)
PINE AVENUE WEST, at Redpath Crescent, mansion for Edmund G.M. Cape, 1912-13 (Const., x, May 1917, 164-5, illus.; Montreal, Les Residences, 1987, 129-31, illus.)
ST. ANDREWS, N.B., residence for Mrs. Mary Walker, Reed Avenue, c. 1912 (J. Leroux & T. Holownia, St. Andrews Architecture 1604-1966, 2010, Item 137, illus.)
WESTMOUNT, for Senator William Owens, Belvedere Road, 1912-13 (Concordia University Archives, Fonds H.P. Illsley, Ledger Book)
WESTMOUNT, for George Rabinovitch, Roslyn Avenue, 1913 (C.R., xxvii, 23 July 1913, 78; Montreal, Les Residences, 1987, 564-7, illus.)
WESTMOUNT, house for an unidentified client, c. 1914 (Const., viii, June 1915, 268-9, 272, illus. & descrip.)
VAUDREUIL, QUE., country house for R.J. Tooke, 1914 (Concordia University Archives, Fonds H.P. Illsley, Ledger Book)
SAXE & ARCHIBALD (Institutional & Ecclesiastical works in Montreal unless noted)
MELVILLE CHURCH, Stanton Street, a new Sunday School, 1898 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.)
ST. ANNE'S WARD, The Gallery Public Swimming Baths, Wellington Street, 1900-01 (Montreal Daily Star, 1 June 1900, p. 10 & 12, t.c.; C.R., xi, 6 June 1900, 3; Gazette [Montreal], 22 May 1901, 7, descrip.)
VERDUN, St. Clement's Anglican Church, Wellington Street at Gordon Avenue, 1900 (Montreal Daily Star, 27 July 1900, 7, descrip.; inf. from Anglican Church Archives, Toronto)
ST. GABRIEL WARD, Public Swimming Baths, Hibernia Street, 1903 (Montreal Daily Star, 12 June 1903, 7, t.c.; C.R., xiv, 17 June 1903, 4)
ST. LOUIS WARD, Public Swimming Baths, Ontario Street at Hotel de Ville Avenue, 1903 (C.R., xiv, 1 July 1903, 2; La Presse [Montreal], 2 Sept. 1903, 1, illus.)
LENNOXVILLE, QUE., Bishop's College School, addition of The Richmond Memorial Library & Reading Room, 1903-04 (Gazette [Montreal], 9 Feb. 1904, 8, descrip.)
SALVATION ARMY HEADQUARTERS, University Street near Cathcart Street, reconstruction of existing house, 1905 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 22, 1905, 60)
MONTEFIORE CLUB, Guy Street near Dorchester Street, 1905 (C.R., xvi, 7 June 1905, 5)
EMMANUEL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, Drummond Street, 1906-07 (Montreal Daily Star, 17 Feb. 1906, 7, illus. & descrip.; C.A.B., xix, Oct. 1906, 149, descrip. & plate illus.; xx, Nov. 1907, 11-12, illus. & descrip.; Montreal, Les Eglises, 1981, 22-5, illus.)
FAIRMOUNT METHODIST CHURCH, Fairmount Avenue at Hutchison Street, 1906-07 (Gazette [Montreal], 15 Sept. 1906, 21; 21 Oct. 1907, 7, illus. & descrip.; The Standard [Montreal], 11 Oct. 1913, Supplement, 10, illus. & descrip.)
ST. GEORGE'S HOME, Lagauchetiere Street West at Mansfield Street, 1909 (C.R., xxiii, 6 Oct. 1909, 23)
(with Louis A. Venne) TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL, Sherbrooke Street West at Jeanne Mance Street, 1909-10 (La Presse [Montreal], 5 April 1909, 14, illus. & descrip.; Montreal Daily Star, 6 May 1909, 13; Builder [London], li, 4 Aug. 1911, 119, illus.; Architecture [New York], xxv, 15 April 1912, Plates xlvi to xlviii.; Montreal, Les Edifices Scolaires, 1980, 62-5, illus.; dwgs. in Canadian Architecture Coll., McGill Univ.)
ENGINEER'S CLUB, Beaver Hall Square, major addition and alterations, 1911 (C.R., xxv, 17 May 1911, 59; xxvi, 20 March 1912, 43-4, illus. & descrip.; dwgs. in Canadian Architecture Coll., McGill Univ.)
CAUGHNAWAGA, QUE., the Kanawaki County Club House, 1911-13 (Concordia University Archives, Fonds H.P. Illsley, Ledger Book)
ST. JAMES ANGLICAN CHURCH, Ste. Catherine Street West at Bishop Street, addition of new east transept, 1912-14; addition of new entry in tower and south transept, 1921 (Gazette [Montreal], 9 April 1912, 5, descrip.; C.R., xxvi, 17 April 1912, 65; A.P. Shatford, Year of Jubilee - St. James The Apostle Church 1864-1914, 51, 58, 64, illus.; Montreal, Les Eglises, 1981, 246-9, illus.)
(with Louis Amos and Ernest Cormier), MONTREAL COURT HOUSE, Notre Dame Street, a new Annex, 1922-25 (Montreal Daily Star, 31 Jan. 1925, 26, illus. & descrip.)
SAXE & ARCHIBALD (Commercial & Industrial Works in Montreal unless noted)
JAMES THOMSON & CO., Peel Street, at 6 storey factory and warehouse, 1898 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.)
WATSON FOSTER CO., Ontario Street, in Maisonneuve, major addition to wall paper factory, with a 2 storey cottage residence on Ontario Street, 1898 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.)
GOULD COLD STORAGE CO., Grey Nuns Street, conversion of two warehouses into cold storage buildings, 1898 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.)
WARDEN KING & SON, Jurors Street, foundry and machine shop, 1898 (Montreal Daily Star, 13 Aug. 1898, 15, descrip.)
RICHARD J. TOOKE LTD., St. James Street, new facade for store, 1900 (C.R., xi, 21 March 1900, 4)
BELLEVUE BUILDING, major extension from Dominion Square through to Ste. Catherine Street, for M.S. Foley, to accommodate the new branch of the Molson's Bank, 1901 (Gazette [Montreal], 1 Jan. 1901, 7, descrip.; 28 May 1901, 3, descrip.)
CHAMBLY, QUE., factory for M. Shoemaker, 1901 (Le Prix Courant, xxxi, 24 May 1901, 795)
ROBERT GARDNER & SON, Dalhousie Street, warehouse, 1901 (C.R., xii, 5 June 1901, 5)
MONTREAL ROLLING MILLS CO., Notre Dame Street at Dominion Street, a 4 storey office block, 1903 (Montreal Daily Star, 2 June 1903, 3, descrip.; C.R., xiv, 3 June 1903, 8)
BEAVER HALL HILL, offices for Saxe & Archibald Architects, at No. 59 Beaver Hall Hill, 1904 (Montreal Daily Star, 4 March 1904, 11, descrip.)
E.P. CHARLTON & CO., McGill College Avenue at Ste. Catherine Street West, a 2 storey commercial block, 1905 (Gazette [Montreal], 2 June 1905, 3, descrip.; C.R., xvi, 7 June 1905, 5; Montreal Daily Star, 1 Aug. 1905, 14, descrip.)
ROBINSON & CO., Ste. Catherine Street West near University Street, retail store, 1906 (C.A.B., xix, April 1906, 60)
SYDNEY, N.S., McCurdy Store, Charlotte Street, 1906 (Sydney Record, 20 Sept. 1906, 1)
OTIS-FENSOM ELEVATOR CO., St. James Street, office block, 1907 (Montreal Daily Star, 20 July 1907, 3)
STE. CATHERINE STREET WEST, at Stanley Street, conversion of the old Emanuel Church into a public theater, 1907 (Montreal Daily Star, 11 Sept. 1907, 4, descrip.)
CASTLE BLEND TEA CO., St. James Street, two stores, 1908 (Const., ii, Nov. 1908, 65)
THOMAS ROBERTSON & CO., Craig Street West, major alterations to existing block, 1909 (Le Prix Courant, Week No. 40, 1909, 72)
LACHINE, new office building for Dominion Bridge Co., 5th Avenue, 1909 (C.R., xxiii, 29 Sept. 1909, 24)
J.M FORTIER LTD., St. Maurice Street, factory, 1910 (Concordia University Archives, Fonds H.P. Illsely, Ledger Book)
YORKSHIRE INSURANCE BUILDING, St. James Street near St. Francis Xavier Street, a ten storey office block, 1910-11 (Montreal Herald, 14 May 1910, 8, illus.; Montreal Daily Star, 18 June 1910, 17, illus. & detailed descrip.; Montreal, Les Hotels Les Immeubles de Bureaux, 1983, 145-7, illus.)
MARX & RAWOLLE CO., St. Ambroise Street, factory, 1910 (C.R., xxiv, 7 Sept. 1910, 28)
QUEEN'S HOTEL, Windsor Street at St. James Street, major addition, 1911 (Gazette [Montreal], 7 Jan. 1911, 3, descrip.; C.R., xxv, 11 Jan. 1911, 29; Montreal, Les Hotels Les Immeubles de Bureaux, 1983, 276-9, illus.)
LA SAUVEGARDE ASSURANCE CO., Notre Dame Street East at St. Vincent Street, 1912 (La Presse [Montreal], 13 Jan. 1912, 8, illus. & descrip.; Gazette [Montreal], 19 Sept. 1912, 7, descrip.; Montreal, Les Hotels Les Immeubles de Bureaux, 1983, 66-8, illus.)
MAHER BLOCK, Victoria Street near Ste. Catherine Street, a 10 storey commercial block for James H. Maher, 1913 (Montreal Daily Star, 14 Feb. 1913, 6)
MELCHERS DISTILLERY CO., St. Paul Street West, warehouse, 1914 (Concordia University Archives, Fonds H.P. Illsley, Ledger Book)
COMPETITIONS
MONTREAL, QUE., McGill University, Medical Faculty Building, Pine Avenue, 1907. There were eight local architectural firms from Montreal who were invited to submit a design for this major university building (Gazette [Montreal], 22 July 1907, 3). The proposal from Saxe & Archibald was passed over in favour of the winning design by Brown & Vallance.
OTTAWA, ONT., Departmental & Justice Buildings, 1907. Saxe & Archibald were awarded 3rd Prize of $2,000 for their design, styled '..in a modernized type of Continental Gothic' (C.A.B., xx, Sept. 1907, 184, descrip.). The First premium was awarded to another Montreal firm, E. & W.S. Maxwell, but their scheme was never built.
OTTAWA, ONT., Departmental Buildings, 1914. In another attempt at this lucrative project, Saxe & Archibald were one of 62 firms from North America and Europe who submitted entries in this major competition. Their design, listed as 'No. 58', was one of six finalists selected by the jurors. The project was cancelled due to the outbreak of WW1 and the federal government waited until 1923 before compensating the finalists with an award of $5,000 each (NAC, RG11, Vol 2951, File 5307-1-C, 14 July 1923)